Definition of Human Rights

 By  Akhmad Zamroni

    Source: i0.wp.com

Humans do not just appear on earth, but are created by God Almighty through a process called birth. Man was created by God with physical completeness (body), soul (spirit), and rights. What are rights? Rights are the power or authority to perform certain actions or deeds.

Rights are an important component of individual human beings. Rights enable humans to carry out various activities in order to carry out and sustain life. Once created by God, humans immediately have the right to live because once God put the spirit in the human body, God gave him the right to live.

As a consequence, apart from God, no creature or party has the right to take or uproot the spirit (soul / life) from man (kill). It is not permissible for anyone to remove (take) the life / spirit of a human being without a valid reason according to certain provisions (such as religious law and state law). Only Almighty God has full authority (rights) to eliminate (revoke) human life / spirit because God is the creator of man, the giver of human life, as well as the creator and ruler of the universe.

The right to life given by God to humans contains or contains other rights as derivatives. To maintain and carry on their lives, humans are not only given the right to live, but are also provided with other rights. Without other rights as derivatives and enhancements, humans can only live, but are unable to do anything to maintain and carry on their lives as well as to continue their offspring. The inherited and additional rights consist of the right to obtain a livelihood (job), the right to establish a place to live, the right to have a life partner and to marry, the right to have offspring (children), the right to associate and socialize, the right to choose. and adhering to a religion, the right to organize, the right to express an opinion, and so on.

The right to life along with the inherited and additional rights is a basic right inherently inherent in humans from the first time of its creation. These rights continue to stick until humans end their life (die). Thus, these rights are inherent in humans as long as they live in the world.

These rights are inherent during human life because in order to continue and maintain their life, it is impossible for humans to escape from it. If these rights are disturbed or violated, then the nature of human life will also be disturbed. In other words, when these rights cannot be exercised properly, human life becomes inconsistent with human nature as bestowed by God.

The basic rights inherent in each individual human being are commonly referred to as "human rights" - commonly abbreviated as HAM. Human rights are basic rights owned by humans. As already mentioned, hak means "authority" or "power" (to do something), while human means "basic" or "principal". Human rights are owned by every human being who lives in the world.

That is the definition of basic and general rights. This understanding develops in line with the development of human life. The notion of human rights is associated with other things, such as the state, government, politics, law, economy, social and culture after the history and development of human life has been so complex. As a more detailed and varied reference on the definition of human rights, here are some of the definitions of human rights from experts.

•    John Locke said that human rights are rights given directly by God the Creator as natural rights so that no power in the world can revoke them.

•    Jan Materson stated that human rights are rights inherent in every human being, without which human beings cannot possibly live as humans.

•    A.J.M. Milne said that human rights are rights owned by all human beings at all times and in all places because of the primacy of their existence (existence) as a human being.

•    G.J. Wolhos stated that human rights are a number of rights that are inherent and rooted in every human being in the world and these rights cannot be eliminated because eliminating other people's human rights is tantamount to eliminating the degree of humanity.

•    Austin Ranney said that human rights are space for individual freedom which is clearly formulated in the constitution and guaranteed by the government.

•    Peter R. Baehr stated that human rights are absolute basic rights and must be owned by every human being for their own development.

•    David Beetham and Kevin Boyle said that human rights and basic human freedoms are individual rights that come from human needs and capacities.

•    Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights states that human rights are a set of rights inherent in the nature and existence of humans as creatures of God Almighty and are His gifts that must be respected, upheld and protected by the state, law, government, and everyone for the honor and protection of human dignity.

•    Oemar Seno Adji said that human rights are rights inherent in every human dignity as a human being created by God Almighty which has the nature of not being violated by anyone (human / other group).

•    Franz Magnis-Suseno stated that human rights are rights that are owned by humans not because of a gift from society and not because of (the existence of) positive law, but because of their dignity as a human being; humans have it (human rights) because he is human.

•    Miriam Budiardjo stated that human rights are rights that are owned by everyone who is born into the world; These rights are universal because their ownership is not bound by differences in sex, race, culture, ethnicity, religion, and so on.

•    Mahfud M.D. said that human rights are rights inherent in the dignity of every human being who are born into the world so that in essence these rights are natural.

•    Koentjoro Poerbopranoto said that human rights are rights that are fundamental or fundamental, which are owned by every human being based on their nature which basically cannot be separated so that they are sacred.

•    Haar Tilar said that human rights are rights inherent in every human being which are obtained from birth into the world and without having these rights every human being cannot live like a human.

•    Muladi stated that human rights are all basic or basic rights inherent in humans in their lives.

•    The ICCE (Indonesian Center for Civic Education) team at the State Islamic University of Jakarta stated that human rights are rights inherent in human beings that are natural and fundamental as a gift from Allah that must be respected, guarded and protected by every individual, society, or country.